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[Music]

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welcome back to the ufo rabbit hole

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podcast i'm your host kelly chase

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over the last two episodes we've

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discussed two potential explanations for

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the ufo phenomenon that the highly

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advanced technological craft that are

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being recorded in our skies and in our

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oceans could be secret human technology

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or that they could in fact be

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extraterrestrial

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but despite the fact that we tend to

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associate ufos with either of those two

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possibilities we're just barely scraping

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the surface and our understanding of

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what these craft could actually be and

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i've got to warn you from here on out

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things get pretty strange

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in the last episode we talked about one

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of the most puzzling aspects of alleged

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alien encounters which is that they look

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a lot like us

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in other words they're anthropomorphic

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which is a mash-up of two greek words

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anthrap meaning human and morphic

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meaning shaped so literally human shaped

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and as we discussed although the idea

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that extraterrestrial beings would be

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anthropomorphic is counterintuitive the

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more we learn about how evolution works

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the more likely it seems that we could

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encounter intelligent beings from other

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planets who do look a lot like we do

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but what if there was another

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explanation

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what if they aren't just human-shaped

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but actually human

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what if what people are seeing aren't

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extraterrestrial beings that happen to

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evolve along a similar evolutionary path

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what if they're part of our evolutionary

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path but they're just further down the

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road than we are

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this is what is referred to as the

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future human hypothesis

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the basic premise of this hypothesis is

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that the origin of ufo phenomenon isn't

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from another world but from this world

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far in the future

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michael masters a professor of

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biological anthropology at montana

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technological university is a proponent

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of the future human hypothesis

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in his book identified flying objects a

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multi-disciplinary scientific approach

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to the ufo phenomenon

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masters makes the argument that although

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we tend to associate ufos with

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extraterrestrials that it actually makes

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a lot more sense that they have a

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terrestrial and more specifically human

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origin

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saying quote

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we know we're here we know humans exist

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we know that we've had a long

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evolutionary history on this planet and

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we know our technology is going to be

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more advanced in the future i think the

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simplest explanation innately is that it

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is us

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i'm just trying to offer what is likely

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the most parsimonious explanation end

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quote

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and he does have a point as we discussed

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in the last episode until we get

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incontrovertible proof of

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extraterrestrial life

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we just simply don't have enough data to

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know how common it is for life to

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develop and how often that life evolves

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to a level of technological advancement

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that would make interstellar travel

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possible and even then interstellar

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travel is something that is only

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hypothetically possible using

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hypothetical technology

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there's just a lot of unknowns there

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as masters points out the future human

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hypothesis doesn't need to overcome any

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of those challenges we don't need to

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unlock the mysteries of the universe to

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find an explanation for this phenomenon

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all the answers we need are right in

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front of us

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and yet as we'll see the future human

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hypothesis offers us anything but easy

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answers

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so let's take a little time to explore

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this idea starting with the question of

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how humans might evolve to look in the

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future

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now it's impossible to play the tape

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forward on evolution and know for

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certain what humans will look like in

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the future but we only need to look at

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our own evolutionary path up until this

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point to see how drastically a species

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can change over time

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and we know enough to make some basic

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assumptions that allow us to at least

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approach this as an interesting thought

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experiment

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so based on what we know what might

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future humans look like

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well if current trends continue they

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will probably look much more similar to

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each other than present-day humans do

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humanity as we know it is very diverse

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over the last 200 000 years or so as

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humans spread out across the globe we

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develop different traits based on

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adaptations to our environment

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interbreeding with other ancient human

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species and random mutation as a result

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there's a stunning amount of variety in

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our skin color eye color hair color and

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texture height etc

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however as we become more

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technologically advanced our world is

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getting smaller we're no longer isolated

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from each other in little pockets of

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humanity

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and we're increasingly mixing together

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in one giant genetic melting pot

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the natural result of this is that our

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genes are becoming more homogenized

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dominant traits like brown eyes become

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much more common the recessive traits

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like blue eyes and the traits that

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aren't tied to one specific gene like

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skin color and eye shape blend together

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causing people to look more and more

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alike

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in 2013 artist and researcher nicolet

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lamb worked with computational

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geneticist dr alan kwan to illustrate

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what humans might look like a hundred

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thousand years from now

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based on their research they theorized

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that human foreheads would continue to

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get larger and cranial capacities would

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continue to accommodate larger brains a

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trend that started in the 14th century

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they also proposed that as humans begin

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to colonize space that we will probably

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have much bigger eyes to help us see

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better in low-light environments

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according to quan these eyes would

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likely be unnervingly large by today's

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standards and we might even develop

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eyeshine to further enhance our low

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light vision

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not everyone agrees with these

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predictions and honestly there's no real

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reason for them to do so it's all just

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wild speculation

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what it comes down to is this

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close encounter accounts typically

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describe ufo tenants as bipedal hairless

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human-like beings with large brains

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large eyes small noses and small mouths

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and that's interesting

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super interesting

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but just because the beings that people

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report seeing in and around ufos look

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like us doesn't necessarily mean that

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they are us

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but they could be

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so let's have a little fun with this and

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assume that ufos are future human in

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origin

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the first and most obvious question is

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what are they doing here

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there are three basic buckets of

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possibilities one they're just curious

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two they're trying to save us and three

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they're trying to save themselves

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so let's break these down

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let's start with the idea that they're

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just curious

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the thinking with this theory is that if

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a species evolved technologically to the

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point where time travel was possible

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then the natural inclination would be to

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go back in time and check out what

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things were like in the past

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so it could be that they're basically

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tourists

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maybe in the distant future instead of

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taking a caribbean cruise you can

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vacation by going back in time to see

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the dinosaurs then fly through egypt to

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watch the pyramids being built and then

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pop up north in a few thousand years to

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watch the fall of rome before heading

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back home

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that does sound pretty awesome

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and it makes sense that if we could do

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such a thing that we probably would so

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that is one possibility

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another possibility is that they could

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be more formally studying us

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time travel would be an absolute game

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changer for historians and

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archaeologists of the future

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instead of painstakingly collecting

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artifacts and data and piecing them

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together scholars and scientists could

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go back and see what was going on during

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a particular time period for themselves

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it also could be that they aren't here

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just to observe us but that they're here

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on a very specific mission

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and some people think that that mission

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could be to save us by preventing some

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massive calamity

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maybe they're here to warn us of an

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impending disaster or maybe their goal

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is to alter the timeline just enough to

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avert some unknown outcome

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one reason that some people gravitate

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towards this particular explanation is

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that there is an undeniable connection

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between ufos and nuclear technology

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where there are nuclear weapons and

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nuclear facilities you tend to find lots

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of reports of ufo sightings

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over the last decade or so more and more

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current and former members of the u.s

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military have come forward to talk about

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ufo encounters in which these craft

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didn't just seem to be interested in our

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nuclear weapons but interacted with them

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directly

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one such alleged incident occurred on

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march 24th 1967 at maelstrom air force

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base in montana u.s air force captain

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robert salas was the on-duty commander

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of a secret underground launch control

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facility that night and he claims that

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he saw a giant ufo disable 10 nuclear

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weapons

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the saucer-shaped craft was seen

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floating above the base by multiple

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guards stationed on the ground and

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captain salus watched in astonishment as

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all 10 nuclear weapons were powered down

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and rendered useless

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something that should have been

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impossible as all 10 of the weapons were

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running on 10 independent systems

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salus reported that it took over a day

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to get them all back online

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no damage to the weapons systems was

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ever found

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nor has there ever been an explanation

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for what happened that day and this is

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just one of literally over a hundred

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reports from members of our military

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regarding the sort of phenomenon at

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nuclear sites

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many people look at this correlation and

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wonder if it could be that future humans

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are trying to warn us off from the

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devastating potential consequences of

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using our nuclear weapons

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and it's not like nuclear war is the

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only potential disaster that we're

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currently flirting with as a species

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so it really could be that they're doing

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their best to save us from ourselves

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00:10:10,230 --> 00:10:08,640
and finally it could be that they aren't

286
00:10:12,389 --> 00:10:10,240
trying to save us

287
00:10:13,750 --> 00:10:12,399
but trying to save themselves

288
00:10:16,069 --> 00:10:13,760
we might have something that they need

289
00:10:17,990 --> 00:10:16,079
to survive but what could be going on in

290
00:10:20,150 --> 00:10:18,000
the future that would cause humanity to

291
00:10:22,150 --> 00:10:20,160
look to its past for help

292
00:10:24,150 --> 00:10:22,160
going back to michael masters in his

293
00:10:26,150 --> 00:10:24,160
book on the future human hypothesis

294
00:10:27,990 --> 00:10:26,160
identified flying objects

295
00:10:30,230 --> 00:10:28,000
he proposed that they could be coming

296
00:10:32,710 --> 00:10:30,240
back to harvest our dna

297
00:10:35,750 --> 00:10:32,720
the idea is that if the homogenization

298
00:10:37,350 --> 00:10:35,760
of human dna continues into the future

299
00:10:39,350 --> 00:10:37,360
that could make us particularly

300
00:10:42,150 --> 00:10:39,360
vulnerable to extinction

301
00:10:43,829 --> 00:10:42,160
for a species to stay strong and viable

302
00:10:46,069 --> 00:10:43,839
there needs to be a lot of variation

303
00:10:47,829 --> 00:10:46,079
among individuals if there isn't enough

304
00:10:49,670 --> 00:10:47,839
variation the species will become

305
00:10:51,430 --> 00:10:49,680
vulnerable to diseases caused by

306
00:10:52,550 --> 00:10:51,440
everything from recessive traits to

307
00:10:54,389 --> 00:10:52,560
viruses

308
00:10:56,389 --> 00:10:54,399
and they could be wiped out

309
00:10:59,350 --> 00:10:56,399
and if you needed to introduce more

310
00:11:01,269 --> 00:10:59,360
variation into your dna your ancient

311
00:11:02,150 --> 00:11:01,279
ancestors would be a great place to

312
00:11:06,880 --> 00:11:02,160
start

313
00:11:06,890 --> 00:12:09,829
[Music]

314
00:12:14,550 --> 00:12:12,389
i'll be honest and say that i struggle

315
00:12:15,990 --> 00:12:14,560
with the future human hypothesis

316
00:12:18,230 --> 00:12:16,000
for reasons that we'll talk about in

317
00:12:20,710 --> 00:12:18,240
just a minute i just ultimately don't

318
00:12:22,949 --> 00:12:20,720
find it to be very satisfying

319
00:12:24,790 --> 00:12:22,959
however there is one odd bit of

320
00:12:26,949 --> 00:12:24,800
potential evidence in support of this

321
00:12:28,790 --> 00:12:26,959
idea that i personally find too

322
00:12:30,389 --> 00:12:28,800
compelling to ignore

323
00:12:32,470 --> 00:12:30,399
there is this award-winning

324
00:12:35,350 --> 00:12:32,480
investigative journalist from australia

325
00:12:38,310 --> 00:12:35,360
named ross coldheart who recently wrote

326
00:12:40,790 --> 00:12:38,320
a phenomenal book on the ufo phenomenon

327
00:12:43,509 --> 00:12:40,800
called in plain sight an investigation

328
00:12:45,990 --> 00:12:43,519
into ufos and impossible science

329
00:12:47,910 --> 00:12:46,000
this was a big departure and a big risk

330
00:12:51,590 --> 00:12:47,920
for someone who had built his career and

331
00:12:52,550 --> 00:12:51,600
reputation on being a serious journalist

332
00:12:54,870 --> 00:12:52,560
and yet

333
00:12:56,470 --> 00:12:54,880
coldheart stuck to his guns believing

334
00:12:58,230 --> 00:12:56,480
that there was more than enough evidence

335
00:13:00,150 --> 00:12:58,240
to not only confirm that the ufo

336
00:13:02,069 --> 00:13:00,160
phenomenon is real

337
00:13:04,150 --> 00:13:02,079
but that there has been a massive

338
00:13:05,509 --> 00:13:04,160
international cover-up to hide this fact

339
00:13:07,750 --> 00:13:05,519
from the public

340
00:13:09,990 --> 00:13:07,760
and recently he's come out in interviews

341
00:13:12,069 --> 00:13:10,000
and said that according to some of his

342
00:13:15,750 --> 00:13:12,079
high-level contacts inside the u.s

343
00:13:17,030 --> 00:13:15,760
government ufos are in fact humans from

344
00:13:18,949 --> 00:13:17,040
the future

345
00:13:21,430 --> 00:13:18,959
listen to this answer that he gave on an

346
00:13:23,430 --> 00:13:21,440
interview with kurt jymungal on theories

347
00:13:26,310 --> 00:13:23,440
of everything when he was asked to

348
00:13:27,910 --> 00:13:26,320
comment on lou elizondo's now infamous

349
00:13:29,350 --> 00:13:27,920
somber comment

350
00:13:31,269 --> 00:13:29,360
did you see the interview that i had

351
00:13:33,910 --> 00:13:31,279
with luke where he mentioned somber this

352
00:13:35,670 --> 00:13:33,920
word somber okay what do you think he

353
00:13:37,509 --> 00:13:35,680
not meant by the word but meant by the

354
00:13:40,069 --> 00:13:37,519
implications

355
00:13:41,350 --> 00:13:40,079
that the world would be somber

356
00:14:08,710 --> 00:13:41,360
i

357
00:14:10,629 --> 00:14:08,720
phenomenon that go beyond far beyond the

358
00:14:12,230 --> 00:14:10,639
whole notion of just i mean i wish it

359
00:14:13,590 --> 00:14:12,240
was as simple as extraterrestrials

360
00:14:14,790 --> 00:14:13,600
getting in their little spaceships and

361
00:14:17,350 --> 00:14:14,800
flying from

362
00:14:19,509 --> 00:14:17,360
zeta reticuli and coming to this planet

363
00:14:21,750 --> 00:14:19,519
that's the easy explanation

364
00:14:26,470 --> 00:14:21,760
the explanation that

365
00:14:28,550 --> 00:14:26,480
i've been exploring in recent months is

366
00:14:30,389 --> 00:14:28,560
more complex and i've already spoken

367
00:14:31,670 --> 00:14:30,399
about this to some extent so i will say

368
00:14:33,829 --> 00:14:31,680
it involves

369
00:14:35,430 --> 00:14:33,839
the notion of

370
00:14:36,949 --> 00:14:35,440
future human

371
00:14:39,110 --> 00:14:36,959
time travel

372
00:14:41,269 --> 00:14:39,120
and look it's only hypothetical i'm not

373
00:14:44,230 --> 00:14:41,279
saying it's real

374
00:14:47,910 --> 00:14:44,240
but if what i'm being told about that is

375
00:14:50,150 --> 00:14:47,920
true then yeah i would be somber too

376
00:14:52,470 --> 00:14:50,160
why is that somber why is the fact or

377
00:14:53,910 --> 00:14:52,480
the potential that it might be humans in

378
00:14:55,590 --> 00:14:53,920
the future

379
00:14:56,949 --> 00:14:55,600
terrifying

380
00:14:58,870 --> 00:14:56,959
well i think i wouldn't be giving too

381
00:15:00,230 --> 00:14:58,880
much away if i said that

382
00:15:03,269 --> 00:15:00,240
you think about

383
00:15:05,509 --> 00:15:03,279
why since 1947

384
00:15:07,750 --> 00:15:05,519
has there been a phenomenon taking an

385
00:15:09,990 --> 00:15:07,760
interest in the human race particularly

386
00:15:13,430 --> 00:15:10,000
in nuclear weapons

387
00:15:15,110 --> 00:15:13,440
why is something or someone apparently

388
00:15:17,030 --> 00:15:15,120
trying to send us a message about

389
00:15:21,590 --> 00:15:17,040
nuclear weapons

390
00:15:24,550 --> 00:15:21,600
shut down by

391
00:15:27,590 --> 00:15:24,560
what slight nine refers to as

392
00:15:29,590 --> 00:15:27,600
remote sensor disassembly

393
00:15:31,430 --> 00:15:29,600
what's it trying to say

394
00:15:33,189 --> 00:15:31,440
what's coming

395
00:15:34,870 --> 00:15:33,199
imagine if and i'm only speaking

396
00:15:37,829 --> 00:15:34,880
hypothetically here

397
00:15:39,749 --> 00:15:37,839
imagine if future humans knew that if we

398
00:15:41,269 --> 00:15:39,759
continue on the path we're going there's

399
00:15:43,350 --> 00:15:41,279
going to be a nuclear war or a

400
00:15:45,590 --> 00:15:43,360
conflagration of some time

401
00:15:48,069 --> 00:15:45,600
wouldn't you want to head that off

402
00:15:49,590 --> 00:15:48,079
wouldn't you want to protect your kin

403
00:15:51,910 --> 00:15:49,600
and

404
00:15:53,749 --> 00:15:51,920
imagine if you were somebody in the u.s

405
00:15:56,710 --> 00:15:53,759
defense and intelligence establishment

406
00:16:00,310 --> 00:15:56,720
but was aware of that quite insane

407
00:16:01,509 --> 00:16:00,320
sounding idea that this might be a

408
00:16:03,509 --> 00:16:01,519
time thing

409
00:16:05,269 --> 00:16:03,519
a future war thing

410
00:16:07,350 --> 00:16:05,279
and imagine if you're worried that

411
00:16:10,310 --> 00:16:07,360
anything you do

412
00:16:13,269 --> 00:16:10,320
might jeopardize that time stream

413
00:16:14,230 --> 00:16:13,279
ah i see that's interesting

414
00:16:15,430 --> 00:16:14,240
that's

415
00:16:17,590 --> 00:16:15,440
where i'm

416
00:16:19,350 --> 00:16:17,600
working at the moment and i don't know

417
00:16:20,949 --> 00:16:19,360
if i'll ever get an answer

418
00:16:22,870 --> 00:16:20,959
wild right

419
00:16:25,350 --> 00:16:22,880
this conversation goes on from here and

420
00:16:26,629 --> 00:16:25,360
is a fascinating interview to listen to

421
00:16:28,710 --> 00:16:26,639
i'll link it up in the comments so you

422
00:16:30,310 --> 00:16:28,720
can go check it out for yourself

423
00:16:32,230 --> 00:16:30,320
although i'm not the biggest fan of the

424
00:16:34,150 --> 00:16:32,240
future human hypothesis

425
00:16:36,629 --> 00:16:34,160
ross coldheart is someone who is well

426
00:16:37,990 --> 00:16:36,639
respected not just in the ufo community

427
00:16:39,189 --> 00:16:38,000
but in the world of mainstream

428
00:16:40,870 --> 00:16:39,199
journalism

429
00:16:43,350 --> 00:16:40,880
he has a reputation for being a

430
00:16:45,509 --> 00:16:43,360
hard-nosed and fearless investigator who

431
00:16:47,670 --> 00:16:45,519
has taken on and taken down

432
00:16:50,069 --> 00:16:47,680
everyone from terrorists to organized

433
00:16:51,350 --> 00:16:50,079
crime syndicates so when ross says

434
00:16:53,749 --> 00:16:51,360
something like this

435
00:16:55,430 --> 00:16:53,759
it's hard not to listen and wonder if he

436
00:16:57,590 --> 00:16:55,440
might be onto something

437
00:16:59,350 --> 00:16:57,600
granted and cold heart himself is very

438
00:16:59,990 --> 00:16:59,360
aware of this and is the first to admit

439
00:17:02,230 --> 00:17:00,000
it

440
00:17:04,949 --> 00:17:02,240
his information is only as good as his

441
00:17:06,710 --> 00:17:04,959
sources and right now we don't know who

442
00:17:08,390 --> 00:17:06,720
those sources are or what their

443
00:17:09,590 --> 00:17:08,400
motivations might be for telling him

444
00:17:11,510 --> 00:17:09,600
these things

445
00:17:13,829 --> 00:17:11,520
the reality is that intelligence

446
00:17:15,429 --> 00:17:13,839
agencies lie all the time

447
00:17:18,150 --> 00:17:15,439
and it could be that he's being

448
00:17:20,309 --> 00:17:18,160
intentionally fed misinformation

449
00:17:22,230 --> 00:17:20,319
but coldheart's sterling reputation

450
00:17:24,309 --> 00:17:22,240
leads many to believe that this is very

451
00:17:26,150 --> 00:17:24,319
likely what he's being told by his

452
00:17:28,069 --> 00:17:26,160
contacts in the government

453
00:17:30,630 --> 00:17:28,079
whether or not it's true is still up for

454
00:17:32,950 --> 00:17:30,640
debate because here's the thing the

455
00:17:33,909 --> 00:17:32,960
future human hypothesis has some real

456
00:17:35,510 --> 00:17:33,919
issues

457
00:17:37,350 --> 00:17:35,520
there's not enough evidence to rule it

458
00:17:40,070 --> 00:17:37,360
out but like i said there's something

459
00:17:42,230 --> 00:17:40,080
about it that's just unsatisfying

460
00:17:44,070 --> 00:17:42,240
first of all let's say that cold heart

461
00:17:46,789 --> 00:17:44,080
sources are right and that they are here

462
00:17:48,390 --> 00:17:46,799
to save us from some impending disaster

463
00:17:50,710 --> 00:17:48,400
it begs the question

464
00:17:52,549 --> 00:17:50,720
why wouldn't they just tell us that

465
00:17:54,789 --> 00:17:52,559
why would they instead decide to dick

466
00:17:56,789 --> 00:17:54,799
around for 80 years or so popping up

467
00:17:58,310 --> 00:17:56,799
randomly but without any clear message

468
00:18:00,390 --> 00:17:58,320
or intention

469
00:18:02,230 --> 00:18:00,400
and i also don't know that i totally buy

470
00:18:03,990 --> 00:18:02,240
that even if there was a huge calamity

471
00:18:05,750 --> 00:18:04,000
of some kind that whatever remained of

472
00:18:07,270 --> 00:18:05,760
humans in the future would choose to go

473
00:18:08,470 --> 00:18:07,280
back and fix it

474
00:18:10,230 --> 00:18:08,480
think about it

475
00:18:12,630 --> 00:18:10,240
if you had the ability to go back in

476
00:18:14,710 --> 00:18:12,640
time and prevent some horrible atrocity

477
00:18:16,870 --> 00:18:14,720
from happening like if you could go back

478
00:18:19,110 --> 00:18:16,880
and prevent the holocaust from happening

479
00:18:21,909 --> 00:18:19,120
the knee-jerk reaction is that yes of

480
00:18:23,990 --> 00:18:21,919
course you'd do it in a heartbeat

481
00:18:26,150 --> 00:18:24,000
but how far back would you go

482
00:18:28,470 --> 00:18:26,160
and what would you change to be certain

483
00:18:30,310 --> 00:18:28,480
that it wouldn't happen and here's where

484
00:18:32,549 --> 00:18:30,320
it gets really messy

485
00:18:34,630 --> 00:18:32,559
what impact would making those changes

486
00:18:36,710 --> 00:18:34,640
in the past have on the people who are

487
00:18:38,950 --> 00:18:36,720
alive in the present

488
00:18:41,430 --> 00:18:38,960
what if no one lost a loved one in the

489
00:18:43,190 --> 00:18:41,440
horrors of the concentration camps

490
00:18:45,190 --> 00:18:43,200
what if all the high school sweethearts

491
00:18:46,789 --> 00:18:45,200
didn't have to go away to fight a war

492
00:18:49,990 --> 00:18:46,799
never to return

493
00:18:52,150 --> 00:18:50,000
it sounds fantastic like a miracle

494
00:18:54,549 --> 00:18:52,160
but then you consider all of the people

495
00:18:55,669 --> 00:18:54,559
who were born because those people never

496
00:18:57,750 --> 00:18:55,679
returned

497
00:18:59,590 --> 00:18:57,760
if you go back and save them

498
00:19:00,789 --> 00:18:59,600
how many people are you killing in the

499
00:19:02,789 --> 00:19:00,799
present

500
00:19:04,549 --> 00:19:02,799
and is causing them not to exist the

501
00:19:06,230 --> 00:19:04,559
same thing as killing them

502
00:19:08,230 --> 00:19:06,240
and what if you found out that saving

503
00:19:11,270 --> 00:19:08,240
millions of lives would mean causing

504
00:19:12,789 --> 00:19:11,280
millions more never to exist

505
00:19:13,830 --> 00:19:12,799
and how would you even make that

506
00:19:15,750 --> 00:19:13,840
decision

507
00:19:17,430 --> 00:19:15,760
do the people who are around first get

508
00:19:18,549 --> 00:19:17,440
priority when it comes to choosing who

509
00:19:20,070 --> 00:19:18,559
to save

510
00:19:21,750 --> 00:19:20,080
do you make the choice that saves the

511
00:19:23,029 --> 00:19:21,760
most lives or do you make the choice

512
00:19:25,750 --> 00:19:23,039
that causes the least amount of

513
00:19:28,150 --> 00:19:25,760
suffering and how would you even know

514
00:19:30,070 --> 00:19:28,160
any of those things ahead of time

515
00:19:32,310 --> 00:19:30,080
there are no easy answers when it comes

516
00:19:33,909 --> 00:19:32,320
to anything that involves time travel

517
00:19:35,990 --> 00:19:33,919
particularly when you start talking

518
00:19:37,750 --> 00:19:36,000
about altering timelines

519
00:19:40,390 --> 00:19:37,760
and that's where the primary issues with

520
00:19:43,510 --> 00:19:40,400
the future human hypothesis lie

521
00:19:45,510 --> 00:19:43,520
with the idea of time travel itself

522
00:19:47,750 --> 00:19:45,520
it causes all kinds of problems that we

523
00:19:49,350 --> 00:19:47,760
aren't sure how to solve and much like

524
00:19:51,830 --> 00:19:49,360
anyone who claims to have understood the

525
00:19:53,510 --> 00:19:51,840
plot of tenet i'm suspicious of anyone

526
00:19:55,270 --> 00:19:53,520
who claims to have any definitive

527
00:19:57,909 --> 00:19:55,280
answers on this issue

528
00:20:00,870 --> 00:19:57,919
because to start we don't even know for

529
00:20:03,430 --> 00:20:00,880
sure that time travel is even possible

530
00:20:05,190 --> 00:20:03,440
actually that's not true there is one

531
00:20:07,590 --> 00:20:05,200
kind of time travel that we know is

532
00:20:09,590 --> 00:20:07,600
possible but unfortunately it doesn't

533
00:20:11,750 --> 00:20:09,600
really help us with this scenario

534
00:20:13,669 --> 00:20:11,760
and that's because the only kind of time

535
00:20:16,470 --> 00:20:13,679
travel that we know how to do at least

536
00:20:17,510 --> 00:20:16,480
theoretically is going forward into the

537
00:20:19,510 --> 00:20:17,520
future

538
00:20:21,350 --> 00:20:19,520
but with this kind of time travel it's a

539
00:20:23,430 --> 00:20:21,360
one-way ticket

540
00:20:25,190 --> 00:20:23,440
we know that we can go forward in time

541
00:20:27,190 --> 00:20:25,200
through a property of einstein's theory

542
00:20:28,470 --> 00:20:27,200
of special relativity called time

543
00:20:30,710 --> 00:20:28,480
dilation

544
00:20:32,870 --> 00:20:30,720
so as a quick refresher we know from

545
00:20:35,430 --> 00:20:32,880
special relativity that time is not

546
00:20:37,190 --> 00:20:35,440
constant and that the faster you move or

547
00:20:40,149 --> 00:20:37,200
the stronger the gravitational field

548
00:20:41,270 --> 00:20:40,159
you're exposed to the slower time moves

549
00:20:43,110 --> 00:20:41,280
for you

550
00:20:44,789 --> 00:20:43,120
in a technical sense all of our

551
00:20:47,430 --> 00:20:44,799
astronauts who've spent any time in

552
00:20:49,909 --> 00:20:47,440
space are also time travelers because as

553
00:20:51,909 --> 00:20:49,919
they move at tremendous speeds in space

554
00:20:54,310 --> 00:20:51,919
time is actually moving fractionally

555
00:20:56,630 --> 00:20:54,320
slower for them than it is on the earth

556
00:20:59,110 --> 00:20:56,640
however the difference is only about 38

557
00:21:00,230 --> 00:20:59,120
microseconds per day so we don't really

558
00:21:02,310 --> 00:21:00,240
notice it

559
00:21:04,070 --> 00:21:02,320
but if we were able to put a human into

560
00:21:06,310 --> 00:21:04,080
a craft that could travel at near the

561
00:21:08,789 --> 00:21:06,320
speed of light it would be possible to

562
00:21:11,270 --> 00:21:08,799
send that person far into the future

563
00:21:12,549 --> 00:21:11,280
while only a few hours or days pass in

564
00:21:14,149 --> 00:21:12,559
their time

565
00:21:16,870 --> 00:21:14,159
but this only works when you're trying

566
00:21:19,110 --> 00:21:16,880
to go forward in time so obviously

567
00:21:20,789 --> 00:21:19,120
that's a problem because while it could

568
00:21:22,950 --> 00:21:20,799
give us clues as to how we might be able

569
00:21:25,270 --> 00:21:22,960
to visit future humans it doesn't

570
00:21:27,750 --> 00:21:25,280
explain how they could come to see us

571
00:21:29,590 --> 00:21:27,760
and if the trip is only one way all the

572
00:21:31,669 --> 00:21:29,600
primary theories for why the future

573
00:21:32,950 --> 00:21:31,679
humans might come here start to fall

574
00:21:34,710 --> 00:21:32,960
apart

575
00:21:36,870 --> 00:21:34,720
so let's go back to this idea of

576
00:21:38,630 --> 00:21:36,880
traveling backward in time

577
00:21:40,870 --> 00:21:38,640
sure we can't do it now but if we're

578
00:21:42,549 --> 00:21:40,880
talking about human technology thousands

579
00:21:43,669 --> 00:21:42,559
or even hundreds of thousands of years

580
00:21:45,190 --> 00:21:43,679
in the future

581
00:21:47,110 --> 00:21:45,200
it seems like we could probably figure

582
00:21:49,430 --> 00:21:47,120
it out eventually right

583
00:21:51,590 --> 00:21:49,440
so why are so many scientists adamant

584
00:21:52,870 --> 00:21:51,600
that traveling backwards in time isn't

585
00:21:54,950 --> 00:21:52,880
possible

586
00:21:56,470 --> 00:21:54,960
the main reason is the second law of

587
00:21:58,070 --> 00:21:56,480
thermodynamics

588
00:22:00,710 --> 00:21:58,080
almost all the laws of physics are

589
00:22:02,470 --> 00:22:00,720
symmetrical with regard to time which

590
00:22:05,270 --> 00:22:02,480
means that they would work the same way

591
00:22:07,190 --> 00:22:05,280
whether timer going backward or forward

592
00:22:09,590 --> 00:22:07,200
for instance imagine that you're playing

593
00:22:11,669 --> 00:22:09,600
pool you hit the cue ball with your pool

594
00:22:13,990 --> 00:22:11,679
cue and that cue ball hits the eight

595
00:22:15,110 --> 00:22:14,000
ball into the corner pocket you win

596
00:22:17,350 --> 00:22:15,120
hooray

597
00:22:19,270 --> 00:22:17,360
and if you wanted to understand exactly

598
00:22:21,669 --> 00:22:19,280
how much force was transferred from your

599
00:22:23,590 --> 00:22:21,679
hand to the pool ball to the eight ball

600
00:22:25,510 --> 00:22:23,600
you could use physics to figure that out

601
00:22:27,590 --> 00:22:25,520
it's just a math equation

602
00:22:29,510 --> 00:22:27,600
but if you could run time backward and

603
00:22:31,350 --> 00:22:29,520
watch as the eight ball pops back out of

604
00:22:33,270 --> 00:22:31,360
the corner pocket to roll back and hit

605
00:22:34,710 --> 00:22:33,280
the cue ball which rolls back to hit

606
00:22:36,789 --> 00:22:34,720
your pool cue

607
00:22:38,870 --> 00:22:36,799
you'd basically have the exact same math

608
00:22:40,310 --> 00:22:38,880
equation just in reverse

609
00:22:41,990 --> 00:22:40,320
if all the laws of physics were

610
00:22:43,510 --> 00:22:42,000
symmetrical in this way

611
00:22:45,110 --> 00:22:43,520
technically there would be no real

612
00:22:46,310 --> 00:22:45,120
reason for time to move forward instead

613
00:22:49,110 --> 00:22:46,320
of backward

614
00:22:50,549 --> 00:22:49,120
however the second law of thermodynamics

615
00:22:52,630 --> 00:22:50,559
is the exception

616
00:22:54,549 --> 00:22:52,640
this law states that over time

617
00:22:57,110 --> 00:22:54,559
everything moves from an ordered state

618
00:22:58,470 --> 00:22:57,120
to a disordered state this is called

619
00:23:00,070 --> 00:22:58,480
entropy

620
00:23:02,789 --> 00:23:00,080
think about what would happen if you put

621
00:23:04,950 --> 00:23:02,799
a drop of ink into a glass of water

622
00:23:07,110 --> 00:23:04,960
very quickly the drop starts to lose its

623
00:23:08,630 --> 00:23:07,120
shape it spreads out through the water

624
00:23:11,430 --> 00:23:08,640
and within a few minutes it will have

625
00:23:13,029 --> 00:23:11,440
lost its shape and structure entirely

626
00:23:15,350 --> 00:23:13,039
you won't even see the drop of ink in

627
00:23:17,350 --> 00:23:15,360
the water anymore the water will be dyed

628
00:23:19,350 --> 00:23:17,360
one consistent color as the ink

629
00:23:20,470 --> 00:23:19,360
distributes itself evenly within the

630
00:23:22,549 --> 00:23:20,480
glass

631
00:23:24,230 --> 00:23:22,559
no matter how many times you try it the

632
00:23:26,470 --> 00:23:24,240
ink in the glass will do this in a

633
00:23:28,310 --> 00:23:26,480
couple of minutes totally on its own

634
00:23:30,789 --> 00:23:28,320
even if you don't stir it

635
00:23:32,230 --> 00:23:30,799
and yet no matter how long you leave

636
00:23:33,669 --> 00:23:32,240
that glass there

637
00:23:36,470 --> 00:23:33,679
even if you could somehow leave it

638
00:23:39,510 --> 00:23:36,480
undisturbed for a thousand years the ink

639
00:23:41,350 --> 00:23:39,520
molecules would never come back together

640
00:23:43,590 --> 00:23:41,360
once the ink has distributed itself

641
00:23:45,029 --> 00:23:43,600
through the water you can't get the ink

642
00:23:47,430 --> 00:23:45,039
back out again

643
00:23:49,430 --> 00:23:47,440
the second law of thermodynamics is why

644
00:23:51,510 --> 00:23:49,440
you can mix the ingredients for a cake

645
00:23:53,510 --> 00:23:51,520
but you can't un-mix them

646
00:23:55,510 --> 00:23:53,520
and this doesn't just apply to cakes but

647
00:23:57,669 --> 00:23:55,520
to everything in the universe

648
00:23:58,870 --> 00:23:57,679
once something is mixed up it can't be

649
00:24:01,350 --> 00:23:58,880
unmixed

650
00:24:03,190 --> 00:24:01,360
this implies a directionality to time

651
00:24:04,630 --> 00:24:03,200
that many physicists think can't be

652
00:24:07,350 --> 00:24:04,640
overcome

653
00:24:09,110 --> 00:24:07,360
granted not everyone agrees and there

654
00:24:11,750 --> 00:24:09,120
are some physicists who think that

655
00:24:13,510 --> 00:24:11,760
backward time travel could be possible

656
00:24:15,669 --> 00:24:13,520
but most of them agree that even if you

657
00:24:17,110 --> 00:24:15,679
could travel backward in time you

658
00:24:19,750 --> 00:24:17,120
probably wouldn't be able to change

659
00:24:21,750 --> 00:24:19,760
anything the example that's often used

660
00:24:23,590 --> 00:24:21,760
is the grandfather paradox

661
00:24:25,269 --> 00:24:23,600
basically if you went back in time and

662
00:24:26,710 --> 00:24:25,279
killed your grandfather before your

663
00:24:28,630 --> 00:24:26,720
parent was born

664
00:24:30,549 --> 00:24:28,640
then you would never be born and if you

665
00:24:31,750 --> 00:24:30,559
were never born then who killed your

666
00:24:33,750 --> 00:24:31,760
grandfather

667
00:24:35,430 --> 00:24:33,760
many of these physicists suspect that if

668
00:24:36,950 --> 00:24:35,440
you went back in time and tried to

669
00:24:39,669 --> 00:24:36,960
change things that you would be

670
00:24:41,669 --> 00:24:39,679
prevented from doing so in some way

671
00:24:43,750 --> 00:24:41,679
like let's say you went back in time to

672
00:24:45,269 --> 00:24:43,760
try to prevent the covet pandemic by

673
00:24:46,470 --> 00:24:45,279
stopping patient zero from getting

674
00:24:48,470 --> 00:24:46,480
infected

675
00:24:50,310 --> 00:24:48,480
the theory is that even if you were able

676
00:24:52,310 --> 00:24:50,320
to stop that from happening

677
00:24:53,590 --> 00:24:52,320
the pandemic would still happen in some

678
00:24:55,830 --> 00:24:53,600
other way

679
00:24:57,830 --> 00:24:55,840
maybe you would become patient zero

680
00:24:59,669 --> 00:24:57,840
it's all highly speculative because

681
00:25:01,269 --> 00:24:59,679
while it's fun to think about

682
00:25:03,190 --> 00:25:01,279
time travel doesn't just break our

683
00:25:04,950 --> 00:25:03,200
brains but it breaks everything that we

684
00:25:05,909 --> 00:25:04,960
know about the laws of physics and how

685
00:25:07,510 --> 00:25:05,919
they work

686
00:25:09,430 --> 00:25:07,520
which is why tenant didn't make any

687
00:25:10,870 --> 00:25:09,440
goddamn sense and i stand by that so

688
00:25:12,310 --> 00:25:10,880
don't at me

689
00:25:15,269 --> 00:25:12,320
so that's where we'll leave the future

690
00:25:17,190 --> 00:25:15,279
human hypothesis for now and next week

691
00:25:19,830 --> 00:25:17,200
we'll explore yet another potential

692
00:25:21,350 --> 00:25:19,840
explanation for the ufo phenomenon

693
00:25:23,430 --> 00:25:21,360
yes there are more

694
00:25:25,510 --> 00:25:23,440
and as we go further down this rabbit

695
00:25:28,710 --> 00:25:25,520
hole the people and ideas we will

696
00:25:33,010 --> 00:25:28,720
encounter grow curiouser and curiouser